Cost Optimization of a singly reinforced rectangular beam using the GRG method is presented in this paper. The objective function is chosen as the overall cost of the beam given by the sum of the products of unit rates of

The anchored secant pile wall consists of primary (soft piles) and secondary (Hard piles) bored piles connected by a capping beam on the top. This secant pile wall is a permanent retaining wall system for ground retention prior to excavation.